Cystitis is one of the most common diseases of the genological system.During the pathological process for one reason or another (infectious agents, chemical and traumatic injuries), inflammation of the bladder mucosa occurs.
Cystitis is considered a simple female disease.According to medical statistics, 80% of all cases of cystitis are women.This is understandable from an anatomical point of view: women's urinary tract is much shorter than men, which means that pathogens (which are mainly the causes of cystica) meet a smaller resistance and travel more quickly to the bladder.Therefore, women should empty their bladder more frequently, and if urine retention occurs, the risk of developing cystitis increases significantly.
Cystitis not only affects the mucous membrane of the bladder.In general, it is a rather complex disease that leads to many complications and discomfort.
Symptoms, diagnostic and healing strategies depend on many factors:
- The nature of the pathological process;
- Localization of inflammation;
- Type of pathogen.
Cystitis is divided into species according to several criteria:
- Based on the type of pathogen: bacterial cystic (chlamydia, ureaplasm, gonorrhea, other pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases, as well as staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, etc.) and non-bacterial cystitis (toxic, caused by drugs, allergies);
- According to the nature of the course of the disease: acute cystitis (occurs in the acute phase with a manifestation of typical symptoms) and chronic (occurring in latent form or recurrent);
- Depending on the presence and type of organic (morphological) changes in the organ: ulcerative, catarrh, cystic;
- Based on the localization of the pathological process: cystitis of the mucosa of the bladder affecting the submucosal layer affecting the muscle layer.
Symptoms of cystitis in women
Cystitis pain
The nature and intensity of pain and discomfort during cystitis are purely individual and depend on the threshold of pain, as well as on the degree of damage to the structures of the bladder themselves.
It is generally accepted that in cystitis, pain is localized only in the area of the bladder.This is not completely true.Often the pain can be radiating (wandering) in nature.Cystitis pain moves to the lumbosacral spine and patients feel as if their back hurts.Pain syndrome can also be localized in the Coccix area.
Pain is often accompanied by common symptoms of body intoxication: headache of varying intensity (localized in the forehead), weakness and fatigue, hyperthermia (fever) to 37.5 - 38 degrees.The pain and manifestations of intoxication are considered a single symptom of pathology and are inseparable from each other, although with weakened immunity may have hyperthermia.
Cystitis with blood in women
In some cases, women with cystitis may notice that urine has a pale pink or intense red shade.There may be two reasons for this: either we are talking about acute cystitis, or its much more severe form - hemorrhagic cystitis.It is relatively simple to distinguish them;With acute cystitis, urine acquires a reddish hue at the end of urination;With complex cystitis, the urine is red throughout the act and retains its shade during all subsequent trips to the toilet.
Also among the reasons for cystics:
- Injury to the walls of the bladder and urethra from foreign objects;
- Lack of muscle tone of the bladder;
- Congestion in the bladder, which leads to the development of degenerative changes;
- Anatomical disorders (stenosis of the urinary channel lumen, compression of the structures of the excrement system through oncological neoplasm).
Therefore, most often cystitis with blood in women is a secondary pathology caused by certain factors.
Acute cystitis with blood and especially hemorrhagic cystitis is difficult:
- Intense pain is observed, which is constant and resistant.
- Often false desire for urination;
- The main manifestation of such forms of cystitis is bleeding.Despite the fact that the blood begins to come out only a few hours after the onset of the acute phase, the intensity of bleeding can be so high that the blood, under the influence of specific substances contained in the urine, will coagulate, forming large blood clots.The blood clots that clog the lumen of the urethra lead to a delay in the leakage of the urine and, as a result, further complicate the patient's condition.
Itching and burning with cystitis
Itching and burning are probably the most common symptoms of cystitis in women after pain.Usually, both manifestations are observed with an allergic or infectious nature of cyst.
Itching and burning are often found with allergic origin of cystitis.The allergen is recognized by the patient's immune system as an antigen, resulting in the immune system producing specific antibodies to combat the "dangerous intruder".As a result of the reaction, the antigen-antibody complex precipitates on mast cells (basophils) located in the urethra and urethra.Under the influence of the complex, basophils are destroyed, separating large amounts of histamine into the substance, which is the mediator of itching and causes an unbearable sensation of itching and burning.
For such reasons, itching and burning are also observed with inflammatory lesions: infectious agents and toxic products of their metabolic activity (with bacterial origin of cystitis) or specific substances contained in medicines accumulated in large quantities in the urine.When released, these substances affect the superficial nerve endings.
In general, a symptom such as itching with a 95% probability indicates an allergic or infectious nature of cystitis, which means that concomitant lesions of the vaginal mucosa are possible.
Can there be a fever with cystitis?
To answer the question correctly, you need to understand why body temperature is rising.Hyperthermia occurs as a result of an acute immune response to a substance or microorganism of foreign origin.At temperatures above 37 degrees, pathogens lose their previous activity, and the intensity of their vital activity decreases dramatically.Almost always, infectious cystitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature ranging from 37.5 to 38.2 degrees.This normal phenomenon shows a strong immune system that can resist the infection.The height of the numbers largely depends on the direct cause of the disease.
For this reason, even cystitis of infectious nature may not lead to an increase in temperature.For example, the cause of tuberculosis in the first stages of the disease is not detected by fever, while most sexually transmitted infections, and even adenovirus cause significant hyperthermia to 39 degrees.
Causes of cystitis in women
Както бе отбелязано по -рано, болестта в по -голямата част от случаите се развива при жени, което се дължи на краткия и широкия канал на уретрата, близкото местоположение на ануса и влагалището (както е известно, дори опортюнистична микрофлора на лигавичните мембрани на дебелото черво и влагалището може да причини развитието на възпалението на мехурния мехур).microorganisms that do not manifest themselves until a certain point).
In 85-90% of cases, cystitis in women develops precisely due to the penetration of pathogenic or opportunistic microorganism (infectious cystitis).The pathogen does not always enter the bladder from the vagina or anus.
Penetration routes may be different:
- Descending road.The infection can spread from the kidneys to the bladder;
- Ascending Road.What is already mentioned is outside through the urethra in the bladder;
- Hematogenous pathway.Relatively, a bacterium or virus enters the bladder through the blood.The reason may be any focus of an infectious lesion in the body, but the likelihood of the pathogenic agent receiving, for example, from the tonsils in the bladder, is extremely small, but it still exists.
- Lymphogenic pathway.The pathogen enters the bladder from the pelvic organs that have become inflamed.
In addition to infectious origin, cystics can develop due to:
- Taking certain medicines.These, for example, are cytostatic drugs used to combat malignant neoplasms;
- Allergic reactions.Allergies are quite often local by nature.In some cases, the bladder is affected.
There are several factors that increase the risk of developing cystitis:
- Inflammation of the vagina (colossal) and sexually transmitted diseases.Given the anatomical proximity of the vagina and urethra, the appearance of cystitis is only a matter of time;
- The same can be said for constipation and other intestinal problems (colitis, etc.).The microorganisms of the colon, also due to the anatomical proximity of the anus and external genitals, can provoke the formation of acute cystitis;
- Nephrological diseases: kidney stones, jade and pyelonephritis, urinary retention.According to the descending principle, the infection often descends from the kidneys to the bladder and with stagnation of urine can develop many serious pathologies and forms of cystitis.
- Peak hormonal conditions.Pregnancy, menstrual cycle, menopause.The reason lies in changes in hormonal levels and as a result the microflora of the mucous membranes of the vagina and urethra;
- Predisposing factors also include endocrine diseases, especially diabetes;
- The risk group includes allergy sufferers as well as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Regardless of the cause and source of the disease, cystitis includes a characteristic symptomatic complex:
- Often and painful urination.Burning, stinging bladder pain and urethra;
- The urge to urinate may be false;
- Urinary incontinence (sometimes);
- Increased gust at night without increased urine production.
- Constant pain in the pubic and perineal zone radiating to the lower back and tail.Pronounced pain at the beginning and end of urination;
- Dark colored urine or cloudy, with impurities of pus;
- General manifestations of intoxication.
If the cause is hidden in allergies, painful itching and burning in the urethra area may develop.
Complications and consequences of cystica
Cystitis is by no means a harmless disease and the principles of "drink something" and "will disappear on their own" do not work here.
If the course of the required treatment is not carried out on time, the consequences may be more than catastrophic:
- Kidney damage occurs along the ascending path.According to medical statistics, in 95% of cases untreated cystitis causes severe kidney disease;
- Women can suffer from urine, which returns from the bladder back to the kidneys.This happens extremely rarely;
- Long -term and at the same time ineffective treatment of cystitis can lead to organic changes in the tissue of the organs.The epithelium degenerates and as a result, the bladder loses its elasticity, loses its ability to regenerate and decrease in size;
- If specific treatment is not performed in a timely manner, there is a high risk that the disease will become chronic.Chronic cystitis, especially infectious (and most often this happens) is a source of constant inflammation;
- Although it is difficult to call stress and depression direct complications of cystica, they are.If the pathology is not treated on time, it becomes chronic.Cystic recurrences are common and can occur almost several times a month.The disease exerts exceptional psychological pressure on a person, literally turns a healthy member of society into hostages in the toilet.In addition, a dominant is formed in the human mind;
- Weight loss of the sphincter of the bladder.May lead to the development of urinary incontinence.Most often it develops in the elderly.
Cystitis diagnostics
The primary diagnosis includes a personal examination by specialized specialists: urologist, nephrologist, gynecologist.
Specialists collect history and identify possible causes of the disease.
When collecting anamnesis, doctors pay particular attention to risk factors:
- Unprotected sexual contact;
- Hypothermia;
- Excessive emotional stress;
- Medicated medicines;
- The presence of concomitant diseases and pathologies (mainly in the pelvic organs).
Laboratory
Turn on:
- Taking a common blood test;
- Taking a common urine test;
- Submitting a urine test for crop.
Among the instrumental methods are used two main ones:
- Urethroscopy and cystoscopy.
- Ultrasound examination of the bladder.
How to relieve cystitis attack?First aid at home
In severe cases, it is recommended to resort to medication:
- The best decision would be to make antispasmodics;
- In addition to antispasmodics, pain is relieved by analgesics;
- Herbal remedies containing oregano and hops also help reduce the spasm and pain caused by cystitis;
- In no case should you take antibacterial drugs yourself.Taking antibiotics is guaranteed to lead to a change in the picture of laboratory tests and the specialist will not be able to determine the source and the cause of the disease;
- If the diagnosis is confirmed and already known to the patient, you may resort to the administration of antimicrobial drugs.
In all other cases, it is better not to heal.Attacks of complex cystitis (with blood, hemorrhagic) are relieved exclusively in a hospital setting.Otherwise, life -threatening bleeding may develop.
How to treat cystitis in women
Because cystitis in women most often develops due to an infectious lesion, specific therapy is aimed at destroying pathogens.
- In recent years, drugs from the fluoroquinolone group have proven their effectiveness.These antibiotics can only be taken as directed by a specialist;
- If diagnostic results reveal specific pathogens, appropriate antifungal, antimicrobial or antiviral drugs are prescribed;
- Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs are recommended to eliminate severe pain, antispasmodics and analgesics are recommended;
- In the absence of allergies to medicinal herbs, it is allowed to take herbal teas based on lingonburi, horsetail and bear.Preferences should be given to unpacked products;
- For the rapid removal of toxins from the body, it is recommended to increase the daily intake of fluids.
Cystitis
Personal hygiene rules must be followed.For washing you must choose products that are neutral in their acid-basic properties.Proper intimate care is the key to lack of relapses.
It is recommended that you empty the bladder as often as possible.Urine stagnation is fraught with the development of complications.
Hypothermia should not be allowed.The legs should be kept warm and dry.
During the exacerbation of cystitis, it is worth increasing the volume of fluid consumed to 2-2.5 liters per day: water, fresh natural juices, cranberry juice.You should refrain from drinking soda and artificial drinks.
As in the case of acute cystitis and in the case of exacerbation of chronic cystitis, you should avoid wearing narrow synthetic underwear.
Constipation indirectly affects the risk of cystitis.Therefore, preventive measures also include methods for improving intestinal mobility.
Answer Popular Questions
Which doctor should I contact cystitis?
You should contact three specialists: urologist, nephrologist and gynecologist.
Is it possible to have sex with cystitis?Has it sexually transmitted?
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder.Of course, it is simply impossible to infect cystitis through sexual contact.
However, there is a high probability of giving a partner those infectious agents that cause cystitis.But we need to make a reservation: the transmission of pathogenic microflora is only possible if the disease is of infectious origin.In all other cases, the partner is safe.
As for the other aspect of this issue, everything is not so simple.Most competent professionals recommend that women refrain from sexual activity during the disease.
However, if you cannot do without sexual contact, you should follow the recommendations:
- Immediately before sex, wash your body and thoroughly clean your hands;
- Avoid touching the vagina.During the cystitis, the mucosa is subjected to increased stress as it is impossible to completely protect it from urine particles;
- If there is a suspicion of concomitant uterine damage, exclude deep penetration;
- At the end of intimacy, be sure to wash the external genitals;
- Use barrier contraception (condom only).
Cystitis after intimacy, what are the causes?
The development of cyst after sex is not away.Postcoital cystitis (also called "honeymoon syndrome") occurs in approximately 45% of cases.As a rule, it is detected after the first sexual contact.
There are several reasons for this:
- The most common, but at the same time, the most difficult to eliminate is a congenital anomaly of the geniological system;
- Another common cause is the lack of appropriate hygiene.The partner may not be aware of this while there are many microorganisms on the surface of the penis.As a result, a woman's urethra was attacked by an infectious agent.This group of causes also includes alternation of vaginal and anal sex without changing a condom or without it.In this case, the causative agent of cystica is the intestinal microflora (Bacillus);
- Vaginal dryness.Due to the excessive dryness of the vaginal mucosa, the tissue cracking occurs.The result is Colpitis, which quickly provokes the development of cystitis.In this case, cystitis becomes a secondary disease.Therefore, you cannot have sex if a woman's genitals do not want and sufficient hydration;
- It is also worth remembering sexually transmitted diseases.If the partner is sick or carrier, the woman quickly becomes infected and in this case there is a risk not only to develop only sexual disease but also secondary cystitis.
Is it possible to exercise with cystitis?
In this case, everything is purely individual and depends on the patient's condition and the severity of the cystysis.However, a number of physical activities must be abandoned.
Avoid:
- Visits to fitness clubs.Aerobics and exercise can lead to mechanical irritation of the urethra and bladder, as a result of this the symptoms will worsen significantly;
- Swimming.Swimming is allowed, but not longer than 10-20 minutes.Prolonged exposure to cold water (30-50 minutes) is guaranteed to lead to local hypothermia.As a result of cooling, local immunity will decrease and in just a few hours the symptoms of cystica will become more pronounced;
- Winter sports.Almost all winter sports include prolonged exposure to the cold.Under such conditions, the risk of developing hypothermia and deterioration of cystica is significantly increased.People who have a figure skating are advised to dress as much as possible, to cover the pelvic and perineal areas and should never sit on the ice;
- Active sports associated with increased physical activity and a sharp increase in intra -abdominal pressure are excluded: boxing, fighting, cycling.
However, there are a number of sports that are recommended for cystitis.They evenly strain the muscles of the body and do not lead to significant fatigue.These are jogging, walking, basketball, volleyball.Dancing is also allowed.It is important to remember that clothing should be appropriate.It is harmful to wear tight, tight clothes.The tracksuit should not be tightly adhered;Preferences should be given to light, but at the same time warm clothing made of natural materials.
Is it possible to take a hot tub if you have cystitis?
In general, the question is very controversial.In order to respond to this, we must continue again from the current condition of the patient and the course of the disease.You can take warm (warm but not hot) baths only at the stage, when cystitis is not yet felt with specific symptoms.In this case, light warming is not only contraindicated but also useful.
As soon as one of the following symptoms appeared, thermal procedures are strictly contraindicated:
- Muscle spasms (acute, packed pain in the lower abdomen and pubic area);
- Burning and sting in urination;
- Blood or pus in the urine.
If we talk only about the initial stages of the disease, warming is allowed, but they should only be used within reason:
- Warming with dry heat.The salt is heated in a container to 38-40 degrees, poured into a bag of fabric and applied to the inflamed area;
- Foot baths.The pool is filled with warm water, then you should take the foot bath for 10-20 minutes.Then the legs are wipe dry and warm socks are placed;
- Sitz Baths.In the first stages of cyst development, you can take Sitz baths with the addition of medicinal herbs.In this case, the water temperature should not be higher than 37 degrees, and the duration of the bathroom should be up to 10 minutes.Even a warm bath is prohibited in cases where other organs other than the bladder are affected;
- Warm shower.The optimal way to relieve cystics and perform hygiene procedures during the disease;
- Warming his hands with heat.The palm is placed on the bladder area for several hours;
- Eucalyptus oil compression warming.Effective in the absence of acute symptoms.But it is contraindicated for allergies.
Can menstruation be delayed due to cystitis?
There is no direct connection with the cause and effect between cystitis and menstrual irregularities.As mentioned earlier, rarely cystitis in women occurs only with damage to the bladder.As the infection increases, it often affects the genital organs, including the uterus and ovaries located in the abdominal cavity.
The ovaries are responsible for the production of estrogen, a specific female hormone that in itself helps to normalize the menstrual cycle.When the infection spreads to the ovaries, the production of estrogen decreases.As a result, the cycle is disturbed and then a delay of menstruation is possible.